0ad/source/simulation2/components/CCmpAIManager.cpp

/* Copyright (C) 2026 Wildfire Games.
 * This file is part of 0 A.D.
 *
 * 0 A.D. is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * 0 A.D. is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with 0 A.D.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include "precompiled.h"

#include "ICmpAIManager.h"

#include "graphics/HeightMipmap.h"
#include "lib/alignment.h"
#include "lib/allocators/shared_ptr.h"
#include "lib/code_annotation.h"
#include "lib/debug.h"
#include "lib/file/vfs/vfs_path.h"
#include "lib/file/vfs/vfs_util.h"
#include "lib/os_path.h"
#include "lib/path.h"
#include "lib/tex/tex.h"
#include "lib/types.h"
#include "lib/utf8.h"
#include "maths/FixedVector2D.h"
#include "ps/CLogger.h"
#include "ps/Filesystem.h"
#include "ps/Profile.h"
#include "ps/Profiler2.h"
#include "ps/TemplateLoader.h"
#include "ps/Util.h"
#include "ps/scripting/JSInterface_VFS.h"
#include "scriptinterface/FunctionWrapper.h"
#include "scriptinterface/JSON.h"
#include "scriptinterface/ModuleLoader.h"
#include "scriptinterface/Object.h"
#include "scriptinterface/ScriptContext.h"
#include "scriptinterface/ScriptConversions.h"
#include "scriptinterface/ScriptInterface.h"
#include "scriptinterface/ScriptRequest.h"
#include "scriptinterface/StructuredClone.h"
#include "simulation2/components/ICmpAIInterface.h"
#include "simulation2/components/ICmpCommandQueue.h"
#include "simulation2/components/ICmpPathfinder.h"
#include "simulation2/components/ICmpRangeManager.h"
#include "simulation2/components/ICmpTemplateManager.h"
#include "simulation2/components/ICmpTerritoryManager.h"
#include "simulation2/helpers/Grid.h"
#include "simulation2/helpers/HierarchicalPathfinder.h"
#include "simulation2/helpers/LongPathfinder.h"
#include "simulation2/helpers/PathGoal.h"
#include "simulation2/helpers/Pathfinding.h"
#include "simulation2/helpers/Player.h"
#include "simulation2/serialization/DebugSerializer.h"
#include "simulation2/serialization/SerializeTemplates.h"
#include "simulation2/serialization/SerializedTypes.h"
#include "simulation2/serialization/StdDeserializer.h"
#include "simulation2/serialization/StdSerializer.h"
#include "simulation2/system/Component.h"

#include <boost/random/linear_congruential.hpp>
#include <cstring>
#include <js/Array.h>
#include <js/GCAPI.h>
#include <js/GCVector.h>
#include <js/PropertyAndElement.h>
#include <js/RootingAPI.h>
#include <js/TracingAPI.h>
#include <js/TypeDecls.h>
#include <js/Value.h>
#include <js/experimental/TypedData.h>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

extern void QuitEngine(int exitStatus);

/**
 * @file
 * Player AI interface.
 * AI is primarily scripted, and the CCmpAIManager component defined here
 * takes care of managing all the scripts.
 *
 * The original idea was to run CAIWorker in a separate thread to prevent
 * slow AIs from impacting framerate. However, copying the game-state every turn
 * proved difficult and rather slow itself (and isn't threadable, obviously).
 * For these reasons, the design was changed to a single-thread, same-compartment, different-realm design.
 * The AI can therefore directly use the simulation data via the 'Sim' & 'SimEngine' globals.
 * As a result, a lof of the code is still designed to be "thread-ready", but this no longer matters.
 *
 * TODO: despite the above, it would still be useful to allow the AI to run tasks asynchronously (and off-thread).
 * This could be implemented by having a separate JS runtime in a different thread,
 * that runs tasks and returns after a distinct # of simulation turns (to maintain determinism).
 *
 * Note also that the RL Interface, by default, uses the 'AI representation'.
 * This representation, alimented by the JS AIInterface/AIProxy tandem, is likely to grow smaller over time
 * as the AI uses more sim data directly.
 */

/**
 * AI computation orchestator for CCmpAIManager.
 */
class CAIWorker
{
private:
	class CAIPlayer
	{
		NONCOPYABLE(CAIPlayer);
	public:
		CAIPlayer(CAIWorker& worker, const std::wstring& aiName, player_id_t player, u8 difficulty, const std::wstring& behavior,
			std::shared_ptr<ScriptInterface> scriptInterface) :
			m_Worker(worker), m_AIName(aiName), m_Player(player), m_Difficulty(difficulty), m_Behavior(behavior),
			m_ScriptInterface(scriptInterface), m_Obj(scriptInterface->GetGeneralJSContext())
		{
		}

		bool Initialise()
		{
			ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);

			OsPath path = L"simulation/ai/" + m_AIName + L"/data.json";
			JS::RootedValue metadata(rq.cx);
			m_Worker.LoadMetadata(path, &metadata);
			if (metadata.isUndefined())
			{
				LOGERROR("Failed to create AI player: can't find %s", path.string8());
				return false;
			}

			// Get the constructor name from the metadata
			std::string filename;
			std::string constructor;
			JS::RootedValue ctor(rq.cx);
			if (!Script::HasProperty(rq, metadata, "filename"))
			{
				LOGERROR("Failed to create AI player: %s: missing 'filename'", path.string8());
				return false;
			}

			Script::GetProperty(rq, metadata, "filename", filename);


			auto result = m_ScriptInterface->GetModuleLoader().LoadModule(rq,
				"simulation/ai/" + utf8_from_wstring(m_AIName) + "/" + filename);

			g_ScriptContext->RunJobs();
			JS::RootedValue objectWithConstructor(rq.cx, JS::ObjectValue(*result.begin()->Get()));

			if (!Script::GetProperty(rq, metadata, "constructor", constructor))
			{
				LOGERROR("Failed to create AI player: %s: missing 'constructor'", path.string8());
				return false;
			}

			// Get the constructor function from the loaded scripts
			if (!Script::GetProperty(rq, objectWithConstructor, constructor.c_str(), &ctor)
			    || ctor.isNull())
			{
				LOGERROR("Failed to create AI player: %s: can't find constructor '%s'", path.string8(), constructor);
				return false;
			}

			Script::GetProperty(rq, metadata, "useShared", m_UseSharedComponent);

			// Set up the data to pass as the constructor argument
			JS::RootedValue settings(rq.cx);
			Script::CreateObject(
				rq,
				&settings,
				"player", m_Player,
				"difficulty", m_Difficulty,
				"behavior", m_Behavior);

			if (!m_UseSharedComponent)
			{
				ENSURE(m_Worker.m_HasLoadedEntityTemplates);
				Script::SetProperty(rq, settings, "templates", m_Worker.m_EntityTemplates, false);
			}

			JS::RootedValueVector argv(rq.cx);
			std::ignore = argv.append(settings.get());
			m_ScriptInterface->CallConstructor(ctor, argv, &m_Obj);

			if (m_Obj.get().isNull())
			{
				LOGERROR("Failed to create AI player: %s: error calling constructor '%s'", path.string8(), constructor);
				return false;
			}
			return true;
		}

		void Run(JS::HandleValue state, int playerID)
		{
			m_Commands.clear();
			ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);
			ScriptFunction::CallVoid(rq, m_Obj, "HandleMessage", state, playerID);
		}
		// overloaded with a sharedAI part.
		// javascript can handle both natively on the same function.
		void Run(JS::HandleValue state, int playerID, JS::HandleValue SharedAI)
		{
			m_Commands.clear();
			ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);
			ScriptFunction::CallVoid(rq, m_Obj, "HandleMessage", state, playerID, SharedAI);
		}
		void InitAI(JS::HandleValue state, JS::HandleValue SharedAI)
		{
			m_Commands.clear();
			ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);
			ScriptFunction::CallVoid(rq, m_Obj, "Init", state, m_Player, SharedAI);
		}

		CAIWorker& m_Worker;
		std::wstring m_AIName;
		player_id_t m_Player;
		u8 m_Difficulty;
		std::wstring m_Behavior;
		bool m_UseSharedComponent;

		// Take care to keep this declaration before heap rooted members. Destructors of heap rooted
		// members have to be called before the context destructor.
		std::shared_ptr<ScriptInterface> m_ScriptInterface;

		JS::PersistentRootedValue m_Obj;
		std::vector<Script::StructuredClone> m_Commands;
	};

public:
	struct SCommandSets
	{
		player_id_t player;
		std::vector<Script::StructuredClone> commands;
	};

	CAIWorker() :
		m_TurnNum(0),
		m_CommandsComputed(true),
		m_HasLoadedEntityTemplates(false),
		m_HasSharedComponent(false)
	{
	}

	~CAIWorker()
	{
		// Init will always be called.
		JS_RemoveExtraGCRootsTracer(m_ScriptInterface->GetGeneralJSContext(), Trace, this);
	}

	void Init(const ScriptInterface& simInterface)
	{
		// Create the script interface in the same compartment as the simulation interface.
		// This will allow us to directly share data from the sim to the AI (and vice versa, should the need arise).
		m_ScriptInterface = std::make_shared<ScriptInterface>("Engine", "AI", simInterface,
			[](const VfsPath& path)
			{
				return path.string().find(L"simulation/ai/") == 0;
			});

		ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);

		m_EntityTemplates.init(rq.cx);
		m_SharedAIObj.init(rq.cx);
		m_PassabilityMapVal.init(rq.cx);
		m_TerritoryMapVal.init(rq.cx);


		m_ScriptInterface->ReplaceNondeterministicRNG(m_RNG);

		m_ScriptInterface->SetCallbackData(static_cast<void*> (this));

		JS_AddExtraGCRootsTracer(m_ScriptInterface->GetGeneralJSContext(), Trace, this);

		{
			ScriptRequest simrq(simInterface);
			// Register the sim globals for easy & explicit access. Mark it replaceable for hotloading.
			JS::RootedValue global(rq.cx, simrq.globalValue());
			m_ScriptInterface->SetGlobal("Sim", global, true);
			JS::RootedValue scope(rq.cx, JS::ObjectValue(*simrq.nativeScope.get()));
			m_ScriptInterface->SetGlobal("SimEngine", scope, true);
		}

#define REGISTER_FUNC_NAME(func, name) \
	ScriptFunction::Register<&CAIWorker::func, ScriptInterface::ObjectFromCBData<CAIWorker>>(rq, name);

		REGISTER_FUNC_NAME(PostCommand, "PostCommand");
		ScriptFunction::Register<QuitEngine>(rq, "Exit");

		REGISTER_FUNC_NAME(ComputePathScript, "ComputePath");

		REGISTER_FUNC_NAME(DumpImage, "DumpImage");
		REGISTER_FUNC_NAME(GetTemplate, "GetTemplate");

#undef REGISTER_FUNC_NAME

		JSI_VFS::RegisterScriptFunctions_ReadOnlySimulation(rq);

		// Globalscripts may use VFS script functions
		m_ScriptInterface->LoadGlobalScripts();

	}

	bool HasLoadedEntityTemplates() const { return m_HasLoadedEntityTemplates; }

	void PostCommand(int playerid, JS::HandleValue cmd)
	{
		ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);
		for (size_t i=0; i<m_Players.size(); i++)
		{
			if (m_Players[i]->m_Player == playerid)
			{
				m_Players[i]->m_Commands.push_back(Script::WriteStructuredClone(rq, cmd));
				return;
			}
		}

		LOGERROR("Invalid playerid in PostCommand!");
	}

	JS::Value ComputePathScript(JS::HandleValue position, JS::HandleValue goal, pass_class_t passClass)
	{
		ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);

		CFixedVector2D pos, goalPos;
		std::vector<CFixedVector2D> waypoints;
		JS::RootedValue retVal(rq.cx);

		Script::FromJSVal(rq, position, pos);
		Script::FromJSVal(rq, goal, goalPos);

		ComputePath(pos, goalPos, passClass, waypoints);
		Script::ToJSVal(rq, &retVal, waypoints);

		return retVal;
	}

	void ComputePath(const CFixedVector2D& pos, const CFixedVector2D& goal, pass_class_t passClass, std::vector<CFixedVector2D>& waypoints)
	{
		WaypointPath ret;
		PathGoal pathGoal = { PathGoal::POINT, goal.X, goal.Y };
		m_LongPathfinder.ComputePath(m_HierarchicalPathfinder, pos.X, pos.Y, pathGoal, passClass, ret);

		for (Waypoint& wp : ret.m_Waypoints)
			waypoints.emplace_back(wp.x, wp.z);
	}

	CParamNode GetTemplate(const std::string& name)
	{
		if (!m_TemplateLoader.TemplateExists(name))
			return CParamNode(false);
		return m_TemplateLoader.GetTemplateFileData(name).GetOnlyChild();
	}

	/**
	 * Debug function for AI scripts to dump 2D array data (e.g. terrain tile weights).
	 */
	void DumpImage(const std::wstring& name, const std::vector<u32>& data, u32 w, u32 h, u32 max)
	{
		// TODO: this is totally not threadsafe.
		VfsPath filename = L"screenshots/aidump/" + name;

		if (data.size() != w*h)
		{
			debug_warn(L"DumpImage: data size doesn't match w*h");
			return;
		}

		if (max == 0)
		{
			debug_warn(L"DumpImage: max must not be 0");
			return;
		}

		const size_t bpp = 8;
		int flags = TEX_BOTTOM_UP|TEX_GREY;

		const size_t img_size = w * h * bpp/8;
		const size_t hdr_size = tex_hdr_size(filename);
		std::shared_ptr<u8> buf;
		AllocateAligned(buf, hdr_size+img_size, maxSectorSize);
		Tex t;
		if (t.wrap(w, h, bpp, flags, buf, hdr_size) < 0)
			return;

		u8* img = buf.get() + hdr_size;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < data.size(); ++i)
			img[i] = (u8)((data[i] * 255) / max);

		tex_write(&t, filename);
	}

	void SetRNGSeed(u32 seed)
	{
		m_RNG.seed(seed);
	}

	bool TryLoadSharedComponent()
	{
		ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);

		// we don't need to load it.
		if (!std::exchange(m_HasSharedComponent, true))
			return false;

		auto result = m_ScriptInterface->GetModuleLoader().LoadModule(rq,
			"simulation/ai/common-api/shared.js");

		g_ScriptContext->RunJobs();

		// mainly here for the error messages
		OsPath path = L"simulation/ai/common-api/";

		// Constructor name is SharedScript, it's in the module API3
		// TODO: Hardcoding this is bad, we need a smarter way.
		JS::RootedValue AIModule(rq.cx, JS::ObjectValue(*result.begin()->Get()));
		JS::RootedValue ctor(rq.cx);

		if (!Script::GetProperty(rq, AIModule, "SharedScript", &ctor)
		    || ctor.isUndefined())
		{
			LOGERROR("Failed to create shared AI component: %s: can't find constructor '%s'", path.string8(), "SharedScript");
			return false;
		}

		// Set up the data to pass as the constructor argument
		JS::RootedValue playersID(rq.cx);
		Script::CreateObject(rq, &playersID);

		for (size_t i = 0; i < m_Players.size(); ++i)
		{
			JS::RootedValue val(rq.cx);
			Script::ToJSVal(rq, &val, m_Players[i]->m_Player);
			Script::SetPropertyInt(rq, playersID, i, val, true);
		}

		ENSURE(m_HasLoadedEntityTemplates);

		JS::RootedValue settings(rq.cx);
		Script::CreateObject(
			rq,
			&settings,
			"players", playersID,
			"templates", m_EntityTemplates);

		JS::RootedValueVector argv(rq.cx);
		std::ignore = argv.append(settings);
		m_ScriptInterface->CallConstructor(ctor, argv, &m_SharedAIObj);

		if (m_SharedAIObj.get().isNull())
		{
			LOGERROR("Failed to create shared AI component: %s: error calling constructor '%s'", path.string8(), "SharedScript");
			return false;
		}

		return true;
	}

	bool AddPlayer(const std::wstring& aiName, player_id_t player, u8 difficulty, const std::wstring& behavior)
	{
		std::shared_ptr<CAIPlayer> ai = std::make_shared<CAIPlayer>(*this, aiName, player, difficulty, behavior, m_ScriptInterface);
		if (!ai->Initialise())
			return false;

		// this will be set to true if we need to load the shared Component.
		if (!m_HasSharedComponent)
			m_HasSharedComponent = ai->m_UseSharedComponent;

		m_Players.push_back(ai);

		return true;
	}

	bool RunGamestateInit(const Script::StructuredClone& gameState, const Grid<NavcellData>& passabilityMap, const Grid<u8>& territoryMap,
		const std::map<std::string, pass_class_t>& nonPathfindingPassClassMasks, const std::map<std::string, pass_class_t>& pathfindingPassClassMasks)
	{
		// this will be run last by InitGame.js, passing the full game representation.
		// For now it will run for the shared Component.
		// This is NOT run during deserialization.
		ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);

		JS::RootedValue state(rq.cx);
		Script::ReadStructuredClone(rq, gameState, &state);
		Script::ToJSVal(rq, &m_PassabilityMapVal, passabilityMap);
		Script::ToJSVal(rq, &m_TerritoryMapVal, territoryMap);

		m_PassabilityMap = passabilityMap;
		m_NonPathfindingPassClasses = nonPathfindingPassClassMasks;
		m_PathfindingPassClasses = pathfindingPassClassMasks;

		m_LongPathfinder.Reload(&m_PassabilityMap);
		m_HierarchicalPathfinder.Recompute(&m_PassabilityMap, nonPathfindingPassClassMasks, pathfindingPassClassMasks);

		if (m_HasSharedComponent)
		{
			Script::SetProperty(rq, state, "passabilityMap", m_PassabilityMapVal, true);
			Script::SetProperty(rq, state, "territoryMap", m_TerritoryMapVal, true);
			ScriptFunction::CallVoid(rq, m_SharedAIObj, "init", state);

			for (size_t i = 0; i < m_Players.size(); ++i)
			{
				if (m_HasSharedComponent && m_Players[i]->m_UseSharedComponent)
					m_Players[i]->InitAI(state, m_SharedAIObj);
			}
		}

		return true;
	}

	void UpdateGameState(JS::HandleValue gameState)
	{
		ENSURE(m_CommandsComputed);
		m_GameState.reset();
		m_GameState.init(ScriptRequest(m_ScriptInterface).cx, gameState);
	}

	void UpdatePathfinder(const Grid<NavcellData>& passabilityMap, bool globallyDirty, const Grid<u8>& dirtinessGrid, bool justDeserialized,
		const std::map<std::string, pass_class_t>& nonPathfindingPassClassMasks, const std::map<std::string, pass_class_t>& pathfindingPassClassMasks)
	{
		ENSURE(m_CommandsComputed);
		bool dimensionChange = m_PassabilityMap.m_W != passabilityMap.m_W || m_PassabilityMap.m_H != passabilityMap.m_H;

		m_PassabilityMap = passabilityMap;
		if (globallyDirty)
		{
			m_LongPathfinder.Reload(&m_PassabilityMap);
			m_HierarchicalPathfinder.Recompute(&m_PassabilityMap, nonPathfindingPassClassMasks, pathfindingPassClassMasks);
		}
		else
		{
			m_LongPathfinder.Update(&m_PassabilityMap);
			m_HierarchicalPathfinder.Update(&m_PassabilityMap, dirtinessGrid);
		}

		ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);
		if (dimensionChange || justDeserialized)
			Script::ToJSVal(rq, &m_PassabilityMapVal, m_PassabilityMap);
		else
		{
			// Avoid a useless memory reallocation followed by a garbage collection.
			JS::RootedObject mapObj(rq.cx, &m_PassabilityMapVal.toObject());
			JS::RootedValue mapData(rq.cx);
			ENSURE(JS_GetProperty(rq.cx, mapObj, "data", &mapData));
			JS::RootedObject dataObj(rq.cx, &mapData.toObject());

			u32 length = 0;
			ENSURE(JS::GetArrayLength(rq.cx, dataObj, &length));
			u32 nbytes = (u32)(length * sizeof(NavcellData));

			bool sharedMemory;
			JS::AutoCheckCannotGC nogc;
			memcpy((void*)JS_GetUint16ArrayData(dataObj, &sharedMemory, nogc), m_PassabilityMap.m_Data, nbytes);
		}
	}

	void UpdateTerritoryMap(const Grid<u8>& territoryMap)
	{
		ENSURE(m_CommandsComputed);
		bool dimensionChange = m_TerritoryMap.m_W != territoryMap.m_W || m_TerritoryMap.m_H != territoryMap.m_H;

		m_TerritoryMap = territoryMap;

		ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);
		if (dimensionChange)
			Script::ToJSVal(rq, &m_TerritoryMapVal, m_TerritoryMap);
		else
		{
			// Avoid a useless memory reallocation followed by a garbage collection.
			JS::RootedObject mapObj(rq.cx, &m_TerritoryMapVal.toObject());
			JS::RootedValue mapData(rq.cx);
			ENSURE(JS_GetProperty(rq.cx, mapObj, "data", &mapData));
			JS::RootedObject dataObj(rq.cx, &mapData.toObject());

			u32 length = 0;
			ENSURE(JS::GetArrayLength(rq.cx, dataObj, &length));
			u32 nbytes = (u32)(length * sizeof(u8));

			bool sharedMemory;
			JS::AutoCheckCannotGC nogc;
			memcpy((void*)JS_GetUint8ArrayData(dataObj, &sharedMemory, nogc), m_TerritoryMap.m_Data, nbytes);
		}
	}

	void StartComputation()
	{
		m_CommandsComputed = false;
	}

	void WaitToFinishComputation()
	{
		if (!m_CommandsComputed)
		{
			PerformComputation();
			m_CommandsComputed = true;
		}
	}

	void GetCommands(std::vector<SCommandSets>& commands)
	{
		WaitToFinishComputation();

		commands.clear();
		commands.resize(m_Players.size());
		for (size_t i = 0; i < m_Players.size(); ++i)
		{
			commands[i].player = m_Players[i]->m_Player;
			commands[i].commands = m_Players[i]->m_Commands;
		}
	}

	void LoadEntityTemplates(const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, const CParamNode*> >& templates)
	{
		ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);

		m_HasLoadedEntityTemplates = true;

		Script::CreateObject(rq, &m_EntityTemplates);

		JS::RootedValue val(rq.cx);
		for (size_t i = 0; i < templates.size(); ++i)
		{
			templates[i].second->ToJSVal(rq, false, &val);
			Script::SetProperty(rq, m_EntityTemplates, templates[i].first.c_str(), val, true);
		}
	}

	void Serialize(std::ostream& stream, bool isDebug)
	{
		WaitToFinishComputation();

		if (isDebug)
		{
			CDebugSerializer serializer(*m_ScriptInterface, stream);
			serializer.Indent(4);
			SerializeState(serializer);
		}
		else
		{
			CStdSerializer serializer(*m_ScriptInterface, stream);
			SerializeState(serializer);
		}
	}

	void SerializeState(ISerializer& serializer)
	{
		if (m_Players.empty())
			return;

		ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);

		std::stringstream rngStream;
		rngStream << m_RNG;
		serializer.StringASCII("rng", rngStream.str(), 0, 32);

		serializer.NumberU32_Unbounded("turn", m_TurnNum);

		serializer.Bool("useSharedScript", m_HasSharedComponent);
		if (m_HasSharedComponent)
			serializer.ScriptVal("sharedData", &m_SharedAIObj);
		for (size_t i = 0; i < m_Players.size(); ++i)
		{
			serializer.String("name", m_Players[i]->m_AIName, 1, 256);
			serializer.NumberI32_Unbounded("player", m_Players[i]->m_Player);
			serializer.NumberU8_Unbounded("difficulty", m_Players[i]->m_Difficulty);
			serializer.String("behavior", m_Players[i]->m_Behavior, 1, 256);

			serializer.NumberU32_Unbounded("num commands", (u32)m_Players[i]->m_Commands.size());
			for (size_t j = 0; j < m_Players[i]->m_Commands.size(); ++j)
			{
				JS::RootedValue val(rq.cx);
				Script::ReadStructuredClone(rq, m_Players[i]->m_Commands[j], &val);
				serializer.ScriptVal("command", &val);
			}

			serializer.ScriptVal("data", &m_Players[i]->m_Obj);
		}

		// AI pathfinder
		Serializer(serializer, "non pathfinding pass classes", m_NonPathfindingPassClasses);
		Serializer(serializer, "pathfinding pass classes", m_PathfindingPassClasses);
		serializer.NumberU16_Unbounded("pathfinder grid w", m_PassabilityMap.m_W);
		serializer.NumberU16_Unbounded("pathfinder grid h", m_PassabilityMap.m_H);
		serializer.RawBytes("pathfinder grid data", (const u8*)m_PassabilityMap.m_Data,
			m_PassabilityMap.m_W*m_PassabilityMap.m_H*sizeof(NavcellData));
	}

	void Deserialize(std::istream& stream, u32 numAis)
	{
		m_PlayerMetadata.clear();
		m_Players.clear();

		if (numAis == 0)
			return;

		ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);

		ENSURE(m_CommandsComputed); // deserializing while we're still actively computing would be bad

		CStdDeserializer deserializer(*m_ScriptInterface, stream);

		std::string rngString;
		std::stringstream rngStream;
		deserializer.StringASCII("rng", rngString, 0, 32);
		rngStream << rngString;
		rngStream >> m_RNG;

		deserializer.NumberU32_Unbounded("turn", m_TurnNum);

		deserializer.Bool("useSharedScript", m_HasSharedComponent);
		if (m_HasSharedComponent)
		{
			TryLoadSharedComponent();
			deserializer.ScriptObjectAssign("sharedData", m_SharedAIObj);
		}

		for (size_t i = 0; i < numAis; ++i)
		{
			std::wstring name;
			player_id_t player;
			u8 difficulty;
			std::wstring behavior;
			deserializer.String("name", name, 1, 256);
			deserializer.NumberI32_Unbounded("player", player);
			deserializer.NumberU8_Unbounded("difficulty",difficulty);
			deserializer.String("behavior", behavior, 1, 256);
			if (!AddPlayer(name, player, difficulty, behavior))
				throw PSERROR_Deserialize_ScriptError();

			u32 numCommands;
			deserializer.NumberU32_Unbounded("num commands", numCommands);
			m_Players.back()->m_Commands.reserve(numCommands);
			for (size_t j = 0; j < numCommands; ++j)
			{
				JS::RootedValue val(rq.cx);
				deserializer.ScriptVal("command", &val);
				m_Players.back()->m_Commands.push_back(Script::WriteStructuredClone(rq, val));
			}

			deserializer.ScriptObjectAssign("data", m_Players.back()->m_Obj);
		}

		// AI pathfinder
		Serializer(deserializer, "non pathfinding pass classes", m_NonPathfindingPassClasses);
		Serializer(deserializer, "pathfinding pass classes", m_PathfindingPassClasses);
		u16 mapW, mapH;
		deserializer.NumberU16_Unbounded("pathfinder grid w", mapW);
		deserializer.NumberU16_Unbounded("pathfinder grid h", mapH);
		m_PassabilityMap = Grid<NavcellData>(mapW, mapH);
		deserializer.RawBytes("pathfinder grid data", (u8*)m_PassabilityMap.m_Data, mapW*mapH*sizeof(NavcellData));
		m_LongPathfinder.Reload(&m_PassabilityMap);
		m_HierarchicalPathfinder.Recompute(&m_PassabilityMap, m_NonPathfindingPassClasses, m_PathfindingPassClasses);
	}

	int getPlayerSize()
	{
		return m_Players.size();
	}

private:
	static void Trace(JSTracer *trc, void *data)
	{
		reinterpret_cast<CAIWorker*>(data)->TraceMember(trc);
	}

	void TraceMember(JSTracer *trc)
	{
		for (std::pair<const VfsPath, JS::Heap<JS::Value>>& metadata : m_PlayerMetadata)
			JS::TraceEdge(trc, &metadata.second, "CAIWorker::m_PlayerMetadata");
	}

	void LoadMetadata(const VfsPath& path, JS::MutableHandleValue out)
	{
		if (m_PlayerMetadata.find(path) == m_PlayerMetadata.end())
		{
			// Load and cache the AI player metadata
			Script::ReadJSONFile(ScriptRequest(m_ScriptInterface), path, out);
			m_PlayerMetadata[path] = JS::Heap<JS::Value>(out);
			return;
		}
		out.set(m_PlayerMetadata[path].get());
	}

	void PerformComputation()
	{
		// Deserialize the game state, to pass to the AI's HandleMessage
		ScriptRequest rq(m_ScriptInterface);
		{
			PROFILE3("AI compute read state");
			Script::SetProperty(rq, m_GameState, "passabilityMap", m_PassabilityMapVal, true);
			Script::SetProperty(rq, m_GameState, "territoryMap", m_TerritoryMapVal, true);
		}

		// It would be nice to do
		//   Script::FreezeObject(rq, state.get(), true);
		// to prevent AI scripts accidentally modifying the state and
		// affecting other AI scripts they share it with. But the performance
		// cost is far too high, so we won't do that.
		// If there is a shared component, run it

		if (m_HasSharedComponent)
		{
			PROFILE3("AI run shared component");
			ScriptFunction::CallVoid(rq, m_SharedAIObj, "onUpdate", m_GameState);
		}

		for (size_t i = 0; i < m_Players.size(); ++i)
		{
			PROFILE3("AI script");
			PROFILE2_ATTR("player: %d", m_Players[i]->m_Player);
			PROFILE2_ATTR("script: %ls", m_Players[i]->m_AIName.c_str());

			if (m_HasSharedComponent && m_Players[i]->m_UseSharedComponent)
				m_Players[i]->Run(m_GameState, m_Players[i]->m_Player, m_SharedAIObj);
			else
				m_Players[i]->Run(m_GameState, m_Players[i]->m_Player);
		}
	}

	std::shared_ptr<ScriptInterface> m_ScriptInterface;
	boost::rand48 m_RNG;
	u32 m_TurnNum;

	JS::PersistentRootedValue m_EntityTemplates;
	bool m_HasLoadedEntityTemplates;

	std::map<VfsPath, JS::Heap<JS::Value>> m_PlayerMetadata;
	std::vector<std::shared_ptr<CAIPlayer>> m_Players; // use shared_ptr just to avoid copying

	bool m_HasSharedComponent;
	JS::PersistentRootedValue m_SharedAIObj;
	std::vector<SCommandSets> m_Commands;

	std::set<std::wstring> m_LoadedModules;

	JS::PersistentRootedValue m_GameState;
	Grid<NavcellData> m_PassabilityMap;
	JS::PersistentRootedValue m_PassabilityMapVal;
	Grid<u8> m_TerritoryMap;
	JS::PersistentRootedValue m_TerritoryMapVal;

	std::map<std::string, pass_class_t> m_NonPathfindingPassClasses;
	std::map<std::string, pass_class_t> m_PathfindingPassClasses;
	HierarchicalPathfinder m_HierarchicalPathfinder;
	LongPathfinder m_LongPathfinder;

	bool m_CommandsComputed;

	CTemplateLoader m_TemplateLoader;
};


/**
 * Implementation of ICmpAIManager.
 */
class CCmpAIManager final : public ICmpAIManager
{
public:
	static void ClassInit(CComponentManager&)
	{
	}

	DEFAULT_COMPONENT_ALLOCATOR(AIManager)

	static std::string GetSchema()
	{
		return "<a:component type='system'/><empty/>";
	}

	void Init(const CParamNode&) override
	{
		m_Worker.Init(GetSimContext().GetScriptInterface());

		m_TerritoriesDirtyID = 0;
		m_TerritoriesDirtyBlinkingID = 0;
		m_JustDeserialized = false;
	}

	void Deinit() override
	{
	}

	void Serialize(ISerializer& serialize) override
	{
		serialize.NumberU32_Unbounded("num ais", m_Worker.getPlayerSize());

		// Because the AI worker uses its own ScriptInterface, we can't use the
		// ISerializer (which was initialised with the simulation ScriptInterface)
		// directly. So we'll just grab the ISerializer's stream and write to it
		// with an independent serializer.

		m_Worker.Serialize(serialize.GetStream(), serialize.IsDebug());
	}

	void Deserialize(const CParamNode& paramNode, IDeserializer& deserialize) override
	{
		Init(paramNode);

		u32 numAis;
		deserialize.NumberU32_Unbounded("num ais", numAis);
		if (numAis > 0)
			LoadUsedEntityTemplates();

		m_Worker.Deserialize(deserialize.GetStream(), numAis);

		m_JustDeserialized = true;
	}

	void AddPlayer(const std::wstring& id, player_id_t player, u8 difficulty, const std::wstring& behavior) override
	{
		LoadUsedEntityTemplates();

		m_Worker.AddPlayer(id, player, difficulty, behavior);

		// AI players can cheat and see through FoW/SoD, since that greatly simplifies
		// their implementation.
		// (TODO: maybe cleverer AIs should be able to optionally retain FoW/SoD)
		CmpPtr<ICmpRangeManager> cmpRangeManager(GetSystemEntity());
		if (cmpRangeManager)
			cmpRangeManager->SetLosRevealAll(player, true);
	}

	void SetRNGSeed(u32 seed) override
	{
		m_Worker.SetRNGSeed(seed);
	}

	void TryLoadSharedComponent() override
	{
		m_Worker.TryLoadSharedComponent();
	}

	void RunGamestateInit() override
	{
		const ScriptInterface& scriptInterface = GetSimContext().GetScriptInterface();
		ScriptRequest rq(scriptInterface);

		CmpPtr<ICmpAIInterface> cmpAIInterface(GetSystemEntity());
		ENSURE(cmpAIInterface);

		// Get the game state from AIInterface
		// We flush events from the initialization so we get a clean state now.
		JS::RootedValue state(rq.cx);
		cmpAIInterface->GetFullRepresentation(&state, true);

		// Get the passability data
		Grid<NavcellData> dummyGrid;
		const Grid<NavcellData>* passabilityMap = &dummyGrid;
		CmpPtr<ICmpPathfinder> cmpPathfinder(GetSystemEntity());
		if (cmpPathfinder)
			passabilityMap = &cmpPathfinder->GetPassabilityGrid();

		// Get the territory data
		// Since getting the territory grid can trigger a recalculation, we check NeedUpdateAI first
		Grid<u8> dummyGrid2;
		const Grid<u8>* territoryMap = &dummyGrid2;
		CmpPtr<ICmpTerritoryManager> cmpTerritoryManager(GetSystemEntity());
		if (cmpTerritoryManager && cmpTerritoryManager->NeedUpdateAI(&m_TerritoriesDirtyID, &m_TerritoriesDirtyBlinkingID))
			territoryMap = &cmpTerritoryManager->GetTerritoryGrid();

		LoadPathfinderClasses(state);
		std::map<std::string, pass_class_t> nonPathfindingPassClassMasks, pathfindingPassClassMasks;
		if (cmpPathfinder)
			cmpPathfinder->GetPassabilityClasses(nonPathfindingPassClassMasks, pathfindingPassClassMasks);

		m_Worker.RunGamestateInit(Script::WriteStructuredClone(rq, state),
			*passabilityMap, *territoryMap, nonPathfindingPassClassMasks, pathfindingPassClassMasks);
	}

	void StartComputation() override
	{
		PROFILE("AI setup");

		const ScriptInterface& scriptInterface = GetSimContext().GetScriptInterface();
		ScriptRequest rq(scriptInterface);

		if (m_Worker.getPlayerSize() == 0)
			return;

		CmpPtr<ICmpAIInterface> cmpAIInterface(GetSystemEntity());
		ENSURE(cmpAIInterface);

		// Get the game state from AIInterface
		JS::RootedValue state(rq.cx);
		if (m_JustDeserialized)
			cmpAIInterface->GetFullRepresentation(&state, false);
		else
			cmpAIInterface->GetRepresentation(&state);
		LoadPathfinderClasses(state); // add the pathfinding classes to it

		// Update the game state
		m_Worker.UpdateGameState(state);

		// Update the pathfinding data
		CmpPtr<ICmpPathfinder> cmpPathfinder(GetSystemEntity());
		if (cmpPathfinder)
		{
			const GridUpdateInformation& dirtinessInformations = cmpPathfinder->GetAIPathfinderDirtinessInformation();

			if (dirtinessInformations.dirty || m_JustDeserialized)
			{
				const Grid<NavcellData>& passabilityMap = cmpPathfinder->GetPassabilityGrid();

				std::map<std::string, pass_class_t> nonPathfindingPassClassMasks, pathfindingPassClassMasks;
				cmpPathfinder->GetPassabilityClasses(nonPathfindingPassClassMasks, pathfindingPassClassMasks);

				m_Worker.UpdatePathfinder(passabilityMap,
					dirtinessInformations.globallyDirty, dirtinessInformations.dirtinessGrid, m_JustDeserialized,
					nonPathfindingPassClassMasks, pathfindingPassClassMasks);
			}

			cmpPathfinder->FlushAIPathfinderDirtinessInformation();
		}

		// Update the territory data
		// Since getting the territory grid can trigger a recalculation, we check NeedUpdateAI first
		CmpPtr<ICmpTerritoryManager> cmpTerritoryManager(GetSystemEntity());
		if (cmpTerritoryManager && (cmpTerritoryManager->NeedUpdateAI(&m_TerritoriesDirtyID, &m_TerritoriesDirtyBlinkingID) || m_JustDeserialized))
		{
			const Grid<u8>& territoryMap = cmpTerritoryManager->GetTerritoryGrid();
			m_Worker.UpdateTerritoryMap(territoryMap);
		}

		m_Worker.StartComputation();

		m_JustDeserialized = false;
	}

	void PushCommands() override
	{
		std::vector<CAIWorker::SCommandSets> commands;
		m_Worker.GetCommands(commands);

		CmpPtr<ICmpCommandQueue> cmpCommandQueue(GetSystemEntity());
		if (!cmpCommandQueue)
			return;

		const ScriptInterface& scriptInterface = GetSimContext().GetScriptInterface();
		ScriptRequest rq(scriptInterface);
		JS::RootedValue clonedCommandVal(rq.cx);

		for (size_t i = 0; i < commands.size(); ++i)
		{
			for (size_t j = 0; j < commands[i].commands.size(); ++j)
			{
				Script::ReadStructuredClone(rq, commands[i].commands[j], &clonedCommandVal);
				cmpCommandQueue->PushLocalCommand(commands[i].player, clonedCommandVal);
			}
		}
	}

private:
	size_t m_TerritoriesDirtyID;
	size_t m_TerritoriesDirtyBlinkingID;

	bool m_JustDeserialized;

	/**
	 * Load the templates of all entities on the map (called when adding a new AI player for a new game
	 * or when deserializing)
	 */
	void LoadUsedEntityTemplates()
	{
		if (m_Worker.HasLoadedEntityTemplates())
			return;

		CmpPtr<ICmpTemplateManager> cmpTemplateManager(GetSystemEntity());
		ENSURE(cmpTemplateManager);

		std::vector<std::string> templateNames = cmpTemplateManager->FindUsedTemplates();
		std::vector<std::pair<std::string, const CParamNode*> > usedTemplates;
		usedTemplates.reserve(templateNames.size());
		for (const std::string& name : templateNames)
		{
			const CParamNode* node = cmpTemplateManager->GetTemplateWithoutValidation(name);
			if (node)
				usedTemplates.emplace_back(name, node);
		}
		// Send the data to the worker
		m_Worker.LoadEntityTemplates(usedTemplates);
	}

	void LoadPathfinderClasses(JS::HandleValue state)
	{
		CmpPtr<ICmpPathfinder> cmpPathfinder(GetSystemEntity());
		if (!cmpPathfinder)
			return;

		const ScriptInterface& scriptInterface = GetSimContext().GetScriptInterface();
		ScriptRequest rq(scriptInterface);

		JS::RootedValue classesVal(rq.cx);
		Script::CreateObject(rq, &classesVal);

		std::map<std::string, pass_class_t> classes;
		cmpPathfinder->GetPassabilityClasses(classes);
		for (std::map<std::string, pass_class_t>::iterator it = classes.begin(); it != classes.end(); ++it)
			Script::SetProperty(rq, classesVal, it->first.c_str(), it->second, true);

		Script::SetProperty(rq, state, "passabilityClasses", classesVal, true);
	}

	CAIWorker m_Worker;
};

REGISTER_COMPONENT_TYPE(AIManager)